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Topical Acne Drugs - Review Of Clinical Properties
By A J Jackson
Summary of research:
This review examines the commonly available topical agents and factors that drive their percutaneous absorption. Reported and theoretical adverse effects from systemic exposure are detailed. The topical retinoid class, which includes tretinoin, adapalene and tazarotene, and the topical antibacterials, clindamycin and erythromycin, are regulated by prescription in enormously countries. Used appropriately, the above - mentioned drugs deliver, at most, miniscule amounts of active cause into the circulation. Clear - cut links to systemic toxicity in humans are practically nonexistent, except in the case of topical clindamycin, which has been associated with diarrhea rarely, and learned have been 2 cases of pseudomembranous colitis reported. Birth defects have occurred in two patients treated with tretinoin and one patient treated with adapalene, but causation was not proven. Another prescription drug, 20 % azelaic acid, is associated with relatively high systemic pretentiousness, which is presumed innocuous in that it is a normal dietary constituent whose endogenous levels are not opposed by topical use. Benzoyl
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peroxide, salicylic acid, sulfur, and sodium sulfacetamide are available in concentrations of 2 % or higher in over - the - counter treatments and some prescription products. All of these agents are known to exhibit some degree of percutaneous absorption. They remain largely unregulated because, contrary than skin ire, only local allergic contact dermatitis from benzoyl peroxide in about 2. 5 % of patients and rare inbred and systemic hypersensitivity reactions from sodium sulfacetamide have been reported. Salicylism has occurred using methyl salicylate ointments and high concentrations of salicylic acid on widespread areas of hyperkeratotic skin, but there are no known cases resulting from salicylic acid products. Caution is advised in special circumstances, such as during minority, pregnancy, lactation and concomitant therapy with other drugs, because apt studies are lacking. Animal data support avoidance of plentiful topical agents, particularly known teratogens such as retinoids and salicylic acid, in pregnant women. Salicylate evasion is advised during lactation, because aspirin use carries the risk of bleeding disorders in nursing infants.
Report Title: Topical drugs: review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety.
Researcher ( s ): Akhavan A, Bershad S
From Journal: Am J Clin Dermatol, 4 ( 7 ): 473 - 92 2003
To obtain the full report, please visit PurpleHealth Medical Inspect Service
Adam Jackson is a medical writer / researcher specialising in effective, natural solutions to common health problems. He is a qualified Complementary medical practitioner and a former columnist for the Nursing Times & Editor of http://www.internethealthlibrary.com . He has written seven books which have been published around the world & translated into 27 languages. He has a determinate interest in skin care.
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